Brake pads are the friction components of a disc brake system, made of a steel backing plate coated with a friction material. When the driver brakes, the caliper presses a pair of pads against the spinning brake disc on each side, and the resulting friction converts the car's motion into heat to slow it down. Pads are made from different friction compounds — non-metallic, semi-metallic, fully metallic or ceramic — which trade off durability, noise and heat resistance. (Source)
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