A starter (or starter motor) is the electric device that rotates an engine's crankshaft to get combustion going when the driver turns the key or presses the start button. Power from the battery activates a solenoid, which pushes a small pinion gear into the engine's larger ring gear so the starter's rotation can crank the engine; once the engine fires, the solenoid retracts the pinion to disengage it. Electric starters replaced hand-cranking and became standard equipment on most cars by the 1920s-1930s. (Source)
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